Номер 5, страница 59 - гдз по английскому языку 8 класс (starlight) учебник Баранова, Дули

5 ICT Find out more information about deforestation. Use the key word: deforestation. Tell the class.

WHAT IS DEFORESTATION?

Deforestation occurs when people cut down whole forests of trees. Tropical rainforests are particularly under threat. Two thirds of the lowland tropical rainforests in Central America, for instance, have been turned into land for grazing since 1950.

Why is it happening?

Small farmers cut down a few acres of trees in order to grow crops or let their animals graze. They clear them in a process called "slash and burn". Loggers also cut down a lot of trees for wood and paper products and urban developers turn areas of forest into mines, new roads, homes, or factories. Natural factors such as wildfires sometimes contribute to deforestation, too.

Why is it such a problem?

Deforestation is a major threat to the delicate ecosystem of our planet. Basically, it destroys the homes of animal and plant species and many of them die out including many unique species that could be used to make medicines for some of the world's worst diseases. More than two thirds of all medicines with cancer-fighting properties, for example, come from rainforest plants. Also, trees absorb harmful greenhouse gases. When forests are cut down or burnt, most of these gases stay in the Earth's atmosphere, which speeds up global warming. In fact, in the next 24 hours, deforestation will be responsible for the release of as much CO2 into the atmosphere as that from as many flights as it takes to carry 8 million people from London to New York!

How can we help to fight deforestation?

• Take part in tree-planting days to replace some of the lost trees.
• Recycle paper and buy recycled paper products such as notepads.
• Eat less meat or at least check where it has come from. If it's from rainforest areas, it's likely that rainforests were cut down in order to raise cattle.
• Encourage your family, friends, and neighbours to think about the rainforests too by telling them all about the issue and how they can help.
• Support charities and companies that support rainforest protection by donating money and buying wood products like furniture made from sustainable forests*.

*forests grown for commercial use

RAINFORESTS: FAST FACTS

• Tropical rainforests cover 6-7% of the Earth's surface. The largest are: 1) The Amazon, South America; 2) The Congo, Africa, 3) South East Asia, 4) New Guinea, 5) Madagascar.
• Areas of forest the size of 2 football fields are lost per second due to deforestation. If this rate continues, the world's rainforests will disappear within 100 years.
• Rainforests are home to over half the plant and animal species in the world. 137 species become extinct every day.

5 ICT Find out more information about deforestation. Use the key word: deforestation.

Tell the class.

5 ИКТ Узнайте больше информации о вырубке лесов. Используйте ключевое слово: вырубка лесов. Расскажите классу.

Ответ:

Deforestation is when forests are cleared or cut down, mainly to make space for farming, building, or to get wood. It's a very serious environmental problem.

Вырубка лесов — это когда леса вырубаются или расчищаются, главным образом, чтобы освободить место для сельского хозяйства, строительства или для получения древесины. Это очень серьезная экологическая проблема.

When trees are removed, the carbon dioxide they stored is released back into the atmosphere, which contributes to climate change. Also, many animals lose their habitats and can become endangered or even extinct. The soil also becomes more vulnerable to erosion without the trees to hold it in place.

Когда деревья удаляются, накопленный ими углекислый газ выбрасывается обратно в атмосферу, что способствует изменению климата. Кроме того, многие животные теряют свои среды обитания и могут оказаться под угрозой исчезновения или даже вымереть. Почва также становится более уязвимой для эрозии без деревьев, которые удерживают ее на месте.

To help combat deforestation, we can support sustainable products, reduce our consumption of things like palm oil that contribute to forest clearing, and participate in tree-planting initiatives.

Чтобы помочь бороться с вырубкой лесов, мы можем поддерживать экологически чистые продукты, сократить потребление таких товаров, как пальмовое масло, которые способствуют вырубке лесов, и участвовать в инициативах по посадке деревьев.